These three levels—externalism (bahir-artha-vāda), mind-only (citta-mātra), and consciousness-only (vijñapti-mātratā)—form a continuous evolutionary trajectory in Buddhist epistemology, where the role of consciousness becomes…
Thus Utpaladeva's pratyabhijñā—"knowledge means recognition"—finds its realization in this philosophy. Not the abandonment of the world, but the recognition of consciousness within…