Turiya—The Fourth State
The Mandukya Upanishad speaks of four states of being.
First—waking. Eyes open, the world visible, everything seeming "real." Second—dream. Eyes closed, the mind fashioning its own world, that too seeming "real"—for as long as the dream lasts. Third—deep sleep. Neither waking nor dream—only darkness, only rest.
And the fourth—turiya. Turiya is none of these three—yet it witnesses all three. Turiya is that witness, which sees waking, sees dreaming, sees deep sleep—yet is itself none of these. Like images changing on a cinema screen—sometimes day, sometimes night, sometimes emptiness—but the screen itself remains always the same. Turiya is that screen.
In the language of the Sufis: within you dwells a silent presence that passes through all forms, yet is itself formless. You laugh, weep, break, wake, sleep—but in your depths there is a being that merely watches. That watching is the mystery. That witnessing is the path. That silence is the door. Rumi has said again and again in his Masnavi—close the outer eye, see with inner sight. The outer eye sees form; the inner eye sees the light behind form. The Sufis call this inner seeing basira—inner vision. This sight is not of the flesh—this sight belongs to the heart.
There is a poetic hint of this in the lover's experience. In dream he holds the beloved—it seems true. Waking, he finds the beloved gone—that too seems true. Yet the "I" that feels in both states has not changed. That unchanging "I"—it points toward turiya. But this is poetic parallel only—turiya's own Upanishadic meaning runs far deeper and has its own distinct character. The Mandukya divides Om into three measures—A, U, M—and then the silence that follows is turiya. That is, when the sounding of Om ceases, in that silence dwells the soul's home. Sound is the path; silence is the destination.
Advaita Vedanta is a stream of Indian philosophy whose central teaching is this: Brahman alone is ultimate reality. All that we see in this world—trees, mountains, people, sky—these are the play of name and form; they change, come, go, break, arise. But behind all this is an unchanging essence—that is Brahman. Waves change; the ocean does not—the world is waves, Brahman is the ocean.
In Sufi philosophy too there dwells a kindred thought, though the language differs. The Sufis say—this world is a veil cast over Allah's truth. Allah hides Himself behind this world—yet at the same time reveals Himself through it. This self-revelation the Sufis call tajalli—the self-manifestation of light. As the sun hides behind clouds—clouds conceal the sun, yet the light that pours through the clouds is the sun's own. Hiding and revealing happen together.
These two philosophies—Advaita and Sufism—are not one. Their vocabularies differ, their histories differ, their spiritual disciplines differ. Yet between them runs a deep conversation—both are saying the same essential thing: what your eyes see before you is not ultimate truth. Ultimate truth lies behind this sight—beyond the seen, beyond name and form, on the other side of the veil.
The Cart Does Not Move
Shah Abdul Karim (1916–2009) was another great Baul poet of Sylhet. He sang: "The cart does not move, it moves not, it moves not, oh—the cart does not move."
In ordinary thought it seems the cart does not move because something is wrong. The wheel is rusted, the road is broken, there is no fuel. But what Karim is saying runs far deeper.
The soul's cart does not move—because it is already at its destination.
Destination and home are the same place. One who already sits in that house—where would he go? This seeking is what we call the world. And growing weary of all this seeking, returning into one's own depths—that is called gnosis. The musk deer runs—yet the musk lies in its own navel. Man too runs—yet what he seeks sits already in his breast. The cart does not move—because there is nowhere to move. All that is needed is to open the eye—and to see that where you are, that itself is the pilgrimage.
Kabir said it—musk dwells in the navel, yet the deer searches forest after forest. The cart does not move, because the path itself is the destination. So “the cart does not move” means not merely stopping—sometimes it is a sign of arrival. For what need has one to journey who has already reached?
Unveiling in Many Hues
Now let me speak in another tongue. Until now we have spoken in the language of philosophy—now in the language of the senses. Because love is not merely a matter for thought—love touches the body, touches the eyes, touches the breath. The language of love is not only philosophy’s—it is also touch’s.
In the evening’s gaze there was honey—that honey which the bee does not gather, which is not born of flowers, which can be seen only when the beloved gazes back and the sky flushes with shame. In the Quran’s Surah Ar-Rahman (55:13), Allah asks again and again: “Fa-bi ayyi ala-i rabbikuma tukazzibaan?”—which of your Lord’s blessings will you deny? Meeting that gaze in the evening was such a blessing—so natural that it seemed not a blessing at all, but the day that gaze was gone, then one understood—that had been the greatest gift.
His hand was pale as the moon—that moon which gives no light of its own, yet the light it borrows is so gentle that it seems more luminous than the full moon. For brokenness is light’s most beautiful vessel. The full moon shines bright—but the crescent is tender. As a broken vessel holds less water, yet that water tastes sweeter—because the broken vessel knows it cannot hold forever, and so there is a kind of humility in its holding—the humility of grasping this moment with all one’s sincerity.
Rabindranath wrote in the Gitanjali: “You have made me endless, such is your pleasure. Again and again you empty this small vessel and fill it with fresh wine.”—The small vessel empties again and again, because if it stayed full, where would new wine enter? The broken moon too—its brokenness is the reason for its tenderness.
There is someone whose laughter holds not only joy—within it hides a distance. Like the sky’s blue—that blue is beautiful, yet within that beauty dwells an unborn sorrow.
The sky’s blue calls to the bird—fly, come up, go higher still. The bird flies. But the higher it climbs, the thinner the air, the lonelier it becomes, the more wounded. The sky both invites and wounds—because the sky cannot be touched. The nearer you approach, the farther it retreats.
That person’s laughter was like that too. The laughter said—come, come closer. But in the depths of that laughter lay a distance that would never heal. Even drawing near, one felt—he retreats further still. Even touching, one felt—I have not truly touched. Because within that person lay something not of this world—it was the gesture of infinity—and infinity cannot be grasped by finite hands.
In the Sufi tongue—this blue is that quality of Allah which draws near and holds distant in one breath. Jamal calls—come. Jalal commands—stop, I am beyond your reach. In the laughter of one who loves, these two existed together—invitation and the unattainable. Sweetness and wound alike.
In Surah An-Nur (24:35) of the Quran it says: “Allahu nurus samawati wal ard”—Allah is the light of the heavens and the earth. Yet that light holds a hue the eye cannot grasp—it is the blue of distance, which says: I am near you, yet I cannot be held—because light is not something to grasp; one must stand within it. The Sufi knows: not all closeness is touch, not all distance is separation. Some things are true precisely because they cannot be grasped.
In the darkness, that faint light alone whispered: you are not alone.
And sorrow too came wearing its own garment: ash-grey shadows gathering in corners—as if some inauspicious dusk had nested in a corner of the house and made its home.
The whiteness hidden within a promise—that pallor of the shroud, of surrender, of the “I will remain” that conceals within it the “I will depart.” She had said—I will remain; even knowing that the beloved never stays.
And never leaves either.
What comes does not go—it changes form.
Waves rise, waves fall—the ocean does nothing. It remains where it was. The rising is its play, the falling too is its play. We see the wave and think—it came. When the wave dissolves we think—it went. But where did the water go? The water remains water.
Love is the same. Coming near is one of its forms. Departing far is another. Union is one mirror—there love beholds itself in the light of presence. Separation is another mirror—there love beholds itself in the shadow of absence. Both are sight. Both contain love. Only the mirror has changed.
The ordinary eye says—it is not. The deeper eye says—it is, only now it is otherwise. As the sun “is not” at night—yet the night itself is proof of the sun. Darkness speaks: light exists, only now on the other side.
Giving and taking are the same hand. Coming close and going far are the same feet. Breaking and building are the same will. There is one force that sometimes wears the mask of union, sometimes the mask of separation—but behind the mask there is always the same face.
Some call that face love. Some call it light. Some call it tajalli—self-revelation. Whatever the name, the truth is singular: what truly comes never goes anywhere. It only changes form—as water changes into ice, into vapor, into cloud, into rain—but water remains water.
So do not grieve that the wave has subsided. The ocean remains. The ocean always was. The ocean always will be. And you yourself are part of that ocean—you too are a wave that rises and falls, and imagines itself separate—yet you were never separate at all.
Maqam al-Sabr: The Valley of Patience
What is sabr? The second station on the Sufi path is called sabr—patience.
Ordinary patience means—clenching your teeth and enduring. Pain is coming, keep silent, it will pass in time. But Sufi sabr is far deeper than this. Sufi sabr means—instead of complaint, keeping the inner ear open. Standing within the fire without letting the soul blacken. Through endurance, discovering a new flavor within endurance itself. Holding bitter things in the mouth long enough until a hidden sweetness within them reveals itself. Within the anguish of separation, recognizing a deeper form of love.
In the Qur’an (Surah ash-Sharh 94:6) it is written: “Inna ma’a al-usri yusra”—with hardship comes ease. Note—not “after,” but “with.” Ease does not come after hardship—ease is within hardship itself, you need only open your eyes to see it. Whoever pushes through the door of sorrow will one day reach the chamber of mystery.
Ordinary patience says: “Endure, one day it will end.” Sufi sabr says: “Even in this moment, mercy lies hidden—open your eyes and see.” The difference is subtle but immense. One is enduring while looking toward the future; the other is seeking mystery within the present.
In the Qur’an, Ayyub is held as the very embodiment of patience—he lost everything, his body wasted with illness, his wealth gone, his children gone—yet he did not say “Why?”—he said, “You exist, and that is enough.” Ayyub’s sabr is not mere endurance—it is not forgetting gratitude even after losing all things. It is not gazing at the wound—it is gazing toward the One who wounded.